The following provides a brief timeline of the key dates for Islam:  
 
 500 CE to 1200 CE
 570 CE
 Birth of Muhammad.
 610 CE  Muhammad receives first vision in a cave near Mecca.
 610-22 CE
 Muhammad preaches in Mecca.
 622 CE
 Hijira - Muhammad and followers flee to Medina.Islamic calendar (AH, Anno Hegirae) begins.
 624 CE  Muslims successfully attack Meccan caravans at Badr.
 625  Muslims are defeated by Meccans at Uhud.
 630  Muslims capture Mecca. Ka'ba is cleansed, pilgrimage rites are Islamicized, tribes of Arabia vow allegiance to Muhammad
 632  Death of Muhammad. Abu Bakr chosen as caliph.
 632-33  Wars of ridda (apostasy) restore allegiance to Islam
 633  Muslim conquests (Futuhat) begin.
 633-42  Muslim armies take the Fertile Crescent (Egypt, Syria, Palestine, Mesopotamia), North African coast, parts of Persian and Byzantine Empires
 650  Caliph Uthman has the Qur'an written down.
 656  Uthman is murdered; Ali becomes fourth caliph.
 657  Battle of Siffin. Mu'awiya, governor of Syria, claims the caliphate.
 659  Arbitration at Adruh is opposed by Ali's supporters.
 661  Ali is murdered; Mu'awiya becomes caliph. Beginning of Umayyad Caliphate (661-750).
 680  Death of Husayn marks beginning of the Shi'at Ali ("party of Ali") or Shi'a sect.
 685-705  Reign of Abd al-Malik. Centralization of administration - Arabic becomes official written language (instead of Greek and Persian) and Arab coinage is established.
 late 600s  Ruling classes in East and West Africa convert to Islam.
 700-800s  Groups of ascetics and mystics begin to form
 710  Arab armies enter Spain from North Africa.
 732  Muslim empire reaches its furthes extent. Battle of Tours prevents further advance northwards.
 747  Revolt defeats the Umayyads.
 750  Abu l'Abbas becomes caliph in Iraq
 754  Baghdad (Madinat al-Salam, "city of peace") becomes the new capital of the Abbasid empire.
 755  Abd ar-Rahman founds an Umayyad Dynasty in Cordoba, Spain.
 765  Division within Shi'ites - majority are the modern Imamiyya (Twelvers) who co-exist with Abbasid caliphs; minority are more extreme Isma'iliyaa (Seveners).
 786-809  Reign of Harun ar-Rashid, best known through the stories of The Thousand and One Nights.
 800s  Written collections of Hadith (sayings of the Prophet) are compiled. Sicily comes under Muslim rule.
 813-33  Reign of Ma'mun. Theological controversy over whether the Qur'an is created or uncreated and eternal. Center for translation of texts from Greek to Arabic founded in Baghdad.
 869-883  Uprisings of black slaves (Zanj) are eventually defeated.
 908  First Fatimid caliph in Tunisia.
 928  Umayyad Abd ar-Rahman III declares himself caliph in Cordoba.
 940  Muhammad al-Mahdi, the twelfth imam, disappears. Twelvers still await the future return of the "Hidden Imam."
 945  The Buyids (Persian) invade Baghdad and take power from caliph.
 969  Fatimids gain power in Egypt and attack Palestine, Syria, and Arabia. Cairo (Al-Qahira, "the victorious city") is founded.
 980-1037  Life of Avicenna, Iranian physician and Aristotelian philosopher.
 996-1021  Reign of Fatimid al-Hakim. Hamza ibn Ali forms basis of esoteric Druze religion.
 late 900s  West Africa begins to convert to Islam
 1030  Umayyad caliphate in Cordoba defeated by the Christian Reconquista.
 1055  Seljuk Turks take Baghdad; Abbasids now only nominal rulers.
 1000s  Reconquista takes more of Spain, Sicily falls to the Normans, Crusader kingdoms are briefly established in Palestine and Syria.
 1071  Seljuk Turks defeat Byzantines at Battle of Manzikert.
 1090  Hasan-i Sabbah takes Alamut in the Persian mountains, the Assassin sect forms around him.
 1099  Christian Crusaders take Jerusalem.
 1100-1200s  Sufi orders (turuq) are founded.
 1126-98  Life of Averroës, Muslim philosopher from Cordoba who sought to integrate Islam with Greek thought.
 1171  Fatimid power ends in Egypt with the conquests of Saladin.
 1174  Saladin declares himself sultan of Egypt and Syria.
 1193  Death of Saladin; most of Crusader states have returned to Islam.
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  
 
 
 
 1200 to 1800 CE
 1200s
 Assassins wipes out by the Mongols. Indian rulers in Delhi take title of Sultan. Spanish mystic Muhyi al-Din ibn al-Arabi (1165-1240) flourishes.
 1221  Genghis Khan and the Mongols enter Persia.
 1241
 Mongols take the Punjab
 1258
 Mongols capture Baghdad; city is sacked and caliph is killed. End of Abbasid caliphate.
 1281-1324  Reign of Uthman (Osman), who founds the Ottoman Empire. Muslim merchants and missionary Sufis settle in SE Asia.
 mid-1300s  Ottomans capture Bursa and Iznik and move into Europe.
 1366
 Capital of Ottoman Empire moved from Bursa to Adrianople.
 late 1300s
 Ottomas take control of the Balkans.
 1400s
 Islam reaches the Philippines.
 1453
 Mehmet Fatih (rules 1451-81) conquers Constantinople. The two halves of the Ottoman Empire are united and the sultan becomes Byzantine emperor.
 1492
 Castile and Aragon capture Granada. All Muslims (and Jews) expelled from Spain.
 1501
 Isma'il (1487-1524) claims to be the Hidden Imam and is proclaimed Shah (king) of Persia. Twelver Shi'ism becomes official religion of Persia.
 1516
 Ottomans conquer Syria and Egypt.
 1517
 Ottomans control Mecca and Medina.
 1520-66
 Reign of Suleyman the Magnificent; Ottoman Empire reaches its zenith. Hungary and coastlands of Algeria and Tunisia come under Ottoman rule.
 1526
 Babur (Mongolian) seizes the Delhi sultanate and takes control of northern India.
 1556
 Akbar founds the Mughal dynasty in northern India.
 1600-1700s
 Venetians, Habsburgs, and Russians divide European Ottoman lands between them.
 1625
 Java comes under rule of Muslim kingdom of Mataram.
 1699
 Treaty of Karlowitz confirms first substantial losses of Ottoman Empire in Europe.
 1700s
 Muhammad Abd al-Wahhab rejects Sufism and all innovation (bid'a). Founds what becomes the Saudi Arabian kingdom. Hindus regain power from Mughals in northern India.
 1738
 Mughal empire invaded by the Afghans.
 1779
 Afghans ousted by Qajar dynasty, which rules Persia until 1925.
 1798
 Napoleon's expedition to Egypt.
 
 
 1800 to 2100 CE
 1805
 Muhammad Ali becomes governor of Egypt, which becomes independent of the Ottomans, gains control of western Arabia and extends into the Sudan.
 1807-76  Tanzimat period. Ottoman Empire undergoes extensive program of modernization in government, law, and medicine.
 1830
 Greece regains independence from Ottomans.
 1850s
 Non-Muslim Ottoman citizens granted equality with Muslims.
 1858  Last Mughal in India is deposed and India comes under British rule.
 1876-1908  Reign of Abd al-Hamid II; autocratic and religiously conservative period in Ottoman rule.
 1878  Congress of Berlin recognizes independence of Balkan states previously under Muslim rule.
 1882-1952  Egypt occupied by the British.
 1908-18  Last decade of Ottoman rule. Rise of nationalistic "Young Turks." More liberal policies develop.
 1912  Founding of Islamic Union (Sareket Islam), a modernizing movement in SE Asia.
 1918  Fall of Ottoman Empire. League of Nations grants Britain mandatory status over Palestine and Iraq, and France over Lebanon and Syria.
 1923  Republic of Turkey established. Mustafa Kemal (Ataturk) is first president.
 1927   Tablighi Jamaat reform movement founded in India.
 1928  Ikhwan al-Muslimun (Muslim Brothers) founded in Egypt.
 1941  Jamaat-i Islami reform movement founded in Lahore, India.
 1945  Indonesia becomes independent republic.
 1945-60s  Islam spreads to the West with mass migrations from Asia, Africa, and India
 1947  Pakistan founded as an Islamic nation. Islam becomes a minority religion in India.
 1957  Independent Malayan state established with Islam as the official religion but guaranteed tolerance.
 1960s  Familes from SE Asia and North Africa emigrate to Europe and the Americas.
 1979  Shah of Iran is overthrown by Ayatullah Ruhullah Khumayni, who establishes strict fundamentalist rule of Shi'a principles.
 late 1990s  Taliban come to power in Afghanistan.
 2001  Muslim extremists attack the United States.
 2003  Saddam Hussein ousted by Western forces.
 2005  Constitution for One-Islam, One-Jerusalem, One-Heaven founded.
 2006  One-Islam.Org launched
 2008  First national elections of leadership of One-islam for every nation on Earth
 2010  International democratic election by members of One-Islam of the Prophet in the name of Allah
 2010  Official recognition by the United Nations of the State of One-Islam
 2012   Great Conclave of One-Heaven between One-Islam, One-Spirit-Tribe and One-Faith-Of-God and the election of the leadership of One-Heaven and the closing of the gates of Hell forever.
 2012  Official recognition by the United Nations of the State of One Jerusalem
 

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